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An investigation on the catalytic performance of various transition-metal ions-exchanged clinoptilolite zeolites in the propane selective catalytic reduction process of NO x  (NO+NO 2 ) is reported for the first time. The metallic ions include Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+  and Mn 2+ . The catalytic performance of these materials was compared with the proton form and natural clinoptilolite zeolites. Compared with the raw and H-form clinoptilolite, the ion-exchanged zeolites shift the temperature corresponding to the maximum conversion around 50 °C towards lower temperatures, irrespective of the type of used transition-metal used. The maximum conversion is substantially enhanced especially in the case of Cu 2+  and Mn 2+ -exchanged zeolite. The enhanced activity is attributed to the creation of strong acidic sites, redox centers, enhanced specific surface area and residual extra framework Fe species. Ion-exchange with transition metals results in a distinct effect on the reduction of the CO concentration in the product gas stream. Cu 2+  exchanged clinoptilolite resulted in the smallest outlet concentration of CO, i. e. about 81 % reduction with respect to the protonated zeolite form.

international journal of chemical reactor engineering

Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , H +  Ion-exchanged and Raw Clinoptilolite Zeolite Catalytic Performance in the Propane-SCR-NO x  Process: A Comparative Study