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The application of nanofiltration membranes to remove sulfate and arsenic from wastewaters was investigated. The influence of operating parameters on the rejection and permeate flux was determined. The nanofiltration experiments carried out with NF90 and NF270 membranes showed a high rejection of sulfate (~90 %) and arsenic (~97 %) under the given set of experimental conditions. Better permeate flux values were obtained by NF270 membrane with a minor drop in rejections, but it proved to be better in water recovery. In FESEM analysis, the sulfate deposition on the membrane surface confirmed its well-known precipitation in desalination types of equipment. The experimental results were successfully predicted by using theoretical framework available in the literature. The simulation was carried out by using Levenberg–Marquardt with Gauss–Newton algorithm in MATLAB and the prime important parameters, viz. membrane resistance(    R  m    )   $({R_m})$   , permeability coefficientPm${{\rm{P}}_{\rm{m}}}$   , and mass transfer coefficient (k) were established separately for each membrane. The gel layer thickness was determined to better understand the hydrodynamics over the membrane surface and it validated the assumption of negligible fouling.

Experimental and Modeling Assessment of Sulfate and Arsenic Removal from Mining Wastewater by Nanofiltration