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Lengthened grade of root syllables in PIE words was either motivated or came about by analogy. The adjective *sh 2 ur-ó- &gt; *suh₂ro- &gt; *sūro- ‘sour and liquid’ is derived from *sḗh 2 -ṷr̥n. ‘sour fluid’ (&gt; Hitt. šēḫur ‘urine’). Here the motivation of the lengthened grade can be guessed: Cuneiform Luvian šiḫuwa- ‘sharp, acid’ &lt; *sēh 2 ṷ̥o- can be explained as vṛddhi derivation from an earlier *séh 2 -u- ‘sourness, sharpness’. The noun *sḗh₂-ṷr̥ has probably been derived from *sēh 2 ṷo-. Hieroglyphic Luvian tipas ‘sky, heaven’ is best derived from a neuter s-stem *nḗb h -s n. ‘cloud(s)’. Probably there was an early PIE paradigm *nḗb h -s, gen. *néb h -s-s, whose genitive was soon replaced. Here we cannot know the motivation of the lengthened grade but it is likely that it was there. In consideration of this neuter stem *nḗb h -s it may well be that also the much disputed Old Irish word síd ‘fairy mound, peace’ goes back to a lengthened grade neuter s-stem *sḗd-s ‘domicile, seat’. The suffixal e-grade of neuter nouns in *-es/-os stems from the locative of the acrostatic type *nḗb h -s.

Der Flexionsyp idg. *sḗh 2 -ṷr̥ ‚saure Flüssigkeit‘, *nḗb h -s n. ‚Gewölk‘

Der Flexionsyp idg. sḗh 2 -ṷr̥ ‚saure Flüssigkeit‘, nḗb h -s n. ‚Gewölk‘