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The aqueous extract of  Gypsophila aretioides  roots as a “green” or eco-friendly inhibitor of carbonate calcium formation was investigated. The presence of chelating factors such as polyphenol compounds and foaming agents in the plant extract was assessed. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) demonstrated the ability of  G. aretioides  extract for dissolution of the carbonate calcium precipitates. Moreover, conductivity measurements revealed that the  G. aretioides  extract could efficiently retard sedimentation of carbonate calcium from a brine solution of calcium ions exposed to carbonate ions by adding Na 2 CO 3  to the system solution. In addition, chronoamperometry was performed for a period of 3 h by polarizing the steel electrode to -0.9 V (vs. SCE) at 40°C. The presence of  G. aretioides  extract at a concentration of 10% (w/v) in chronoamperometry prevented the precipitation of CaCO 3  on the steel electrode surface. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses which showed an absence of precipitates and lack of calcium ions on the steel electrode after 3 h chronoamperometry, respectively. However, further studies are required in order to amend the characteristics of  G. aretioides  extract to render it more applicable as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, anti-scale agent for a wide range of industrial applications.

Assessment of aqueous extract of Gypsophila aretioides for inhibitory effects on calcium carbonate formation