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Archaeologists examining the 7th century B.C. cerami.cs of inland Etruria at sites such as Poggio Civitate are immediately confronted by an overwhelmingly diverse array of typological fnnn". While general similaritie.l;I between certain shapes are obfrom site to site. standardized typology region prevents conventional attemph this body of e\ while formal attempts pottery from this lOll may ultimately the absence of ceramic typology for is itself an important observation. paper seeks to examine a single ceramic form: the wing-handle cup. These vessels are produced only in the northern, inland region of Etruria. During the 7th century the specific shape of wing-handle cups is widely variable while by the 6th century, the shape standardizes. This initial diversity is an effect of numerous regional workshops, each producing wing-handle cups based on a common regional ceramic tradition. The standardization of the may be linked to urbanized centers, such which became the ceramic production century.' Since 1966, the excavations at Poggio Civitate have contributed signi ticantly to ourlmowledge of early Etruscan cul.ture.1 The site occupies a commanding position along the edge of the Metallifere, about south of Siena along of the nearby feature certainly Anthony Tuck tributed to the importance of the settlement in antiquity.2 Fundamental issues raised by the work at Poggio Civitate, such as the function of the monumental architecture and interpretation of the enigmatic terracotta sculpture, remain the subject of much scholarly debate.3 To date, excavation has revealed two major phases of habitation on the Piano del Tesoro plateau, the earlier dating to the Late OrientaLizing period and the later to the early Archaic period. The years of excavation have produced several examples of an unusual and distinctive kind of vessel, the wing-handle cup. These vessels have a widely variable bowl shape but consistently di splay two distinctive terminal handles, which project laterally from the shoulder or body of the bowl. Some examples project horizontally; others project at a slight upward angle. In many examples, the upper faces of the handles are decorated with molded, stamped, or incised decoration. Although the majority of known examples are made from bucchero, impasto examples also are found.4 Wing-handle cups are found in a restricted geographical region. The large t group of typologicaJly similar examples is thought to have been manufactured in Chiu i.5 Excavations at several sites in the same geographic region, such as Monteriggioni ,6 Artimino,7 Castelnouvo Berardenga,8 Quinto Fiorentino,9 and Vicchio di Mugello, IO have produced other examples of winghandle cups. Two bucchero examples, now in the Florence Archaeological Museum, are from Camucia near Cortona. " Recently, several new examples have been excavated in the area around Tolle near Chianciano Terme.12 One example of a wing-handle cup comes from Cerveteri. This piece, from Tumulus ill of the Banditaccia cemetery, is nearly identical to the pair from Castelnuovo Berardenga and is the only example currently known of the wing-handle vessel type from southern Etruria. In an examination of the inscription on the vessel, however, Cristofani concluded that the cup is a product of a northern workshop and suggests that it was imported to Cerveteri via Vetulonia.13 Another similar cup, inscribed in a fashion like those from CasteLnuovo Berardenga and the Cerveteri example, is now displayed in the Villa Giulia but is without any known provenance. 14 Therefore, the region of Etruria producing this vessel type appears to be bordered to the south by Chiusi. Sites such as Poggio Civitate, Castelnuovo Berardenga, and Cortona are within the center of this area. Examples from Artimino, Quinto Fiorentino, and Vicchio di Mugello are the northernmost examples of this cup form. Unlike many of the examples listed above, none of the Poggio Civitate wing-handle cups preserve a full vessel profile.15 The large number of fragmentary examples, the diversity of shapes, 86 and the securely datable context in which they are found , howevthem useful in rl'gionally distinctive

Orientalizing Period Wing-Handle Cups from Poggio Civitate: Ceramic Traditions and Regional Productions in Inland Etruria