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Talmy divided the world’s languages according to how they express movement. Spanish, a verb-framed language, purportedly constrains the use of motion verbs expressing the manner of movement (such as  roll ) to contexts in which no spatial boundary is crossed. Previous research suggests that this constraint sometimes does not apply. We report the first large-scale investigation of the constraint and its modulating factors (movement direction, verb type, entering/exiting, Ground size, the preposition used) across different Spanish-speaking communities. A task with open-ended description of animated videos, a sentence interpretation task, and a rating task found that Spanish and Latin American speakers ( n  = 180 in total) often use manner verbs to describe boundary-crossing situations (especially entering a place), although this is modulated by the preposition following the verb (more with  a  than  en ). Better understanding of this constraint in verb-framed languages has applications in, for instance, L2 acquisition research.

The boundary-crossing constraint revisited: movement verbs across varieties of Spanish