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Ginsenoside Rh 2  is one of the rare ginsenosides extracted from  Panax ginseng  C. A. Mey. The anti-allergic activity of ginsenoside Rh 2  has been documented in some literature. In this work, an anti-allergic mechanism of ginsenoside Rh 2  was investigated by focusing on the differentiation of T cells through Langerhans cells (LCs). Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells (LDCs) were generated  in vitro  and were used as substitute for LCs. In vivo  the mRNA expression for IFN-γ and CXCR3 of T cells was increased after being injected with ginsenoside Rh 2 -treated LDCs thereby increasing the concentration of IFN-γ in the culture supernatants of CD3 + /CD28 +  T lymphocytes. However, in vitro , the expression of mRNA for CD40 and CD80 on ginsenoside Rh 2 -treated LDCs was up-regulated significantly and the endocytic activity of LDCs was down-regulated slightly. These findings indicate that T cells differentiation could be regulated by ginsenoside Rh 2  through LDCs  in vivo  by altering the antigen presenting capacity, maturation and phagocytosis of LDCs.

Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh 2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo