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Aedes aegypti  L. is the major vector of the arboviruses responsible for dengue fever, one of the most devastating human diseases. Some bacterial, fungal and plant metabolites belonging to different chemical subgroups, including Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, anthracenes, azoxymethoxytetrahydropyrans, cytochalasans, 2,5-diketopiperazines, isochromanones, naphthoquinones, organic small acids and their methyl esters, sterols and terpenes including sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, were tested for their larvicidal and adulticidal activity against  Ae. aegypti . Out of 23 compounds tested, gliotoxin exhibited mosquitocidal activity in both bioassays with an LC 50  value of 0.0257 ± 0.001 µg/µL against 1 st  instar  Ae. aegypti  and LD 50  value of 2.79 ± 0.1197 µg/mosquito against adult female  Ae. aegypti . 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and cytochalasin A showed LC 50  values of 0.0851 ± 0.0012 µg/µL and 0.0854 ± 0.0019 µg/µL, respectively, against  Ae. aegypti  larvae. In adult bioassays, fusaric acid (LD 50 = 0.8349 ± 0.0118 µg/mosquito), 3-nitropropionic acid (LD 50  = 1.6641 ± 0.0494 µg/mosquito) and α-costic acid (LD 50  = 2.547 ± 0.0835 µg/mosquito) exhibited adulticidal activity. Results from the current study confirm that compounds belonging to cytochalsin, diketopiperazine, naphthoquinone and low molecular weight organic acid groups are active and may stimulate further SAR investigations.

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A survey of bacterial, fungal and plant metabolites against  Aedes aegypti  (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of yellow and dengue fevers and Zika virus