English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

1) Rats and mice were given large oral or subcutaneous doses of (-)-L-, (+)-D- and DL-carnitine (5 mg/g body weight). The carnitine metabolites, beta-methylcholine and acetonyltrimethylammonium, were isolated from the urine by special methods, and determined as their characteristic derivatives (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and butyric ester) by thin-layer chromatography or photometry. 2) beta-Methylcholine, the product of carnitine decarboxylase, was not excreted, even when animals were heavily dosed with both carnitine isomers, with or without starvation. 3) After the administration of (+)-D- and DL-carnitine, both species excreted acetonyltrimethylammonium, which is already known as the spontaneous decarboxylation product of dehydrocarnitine (product of carnitine dehydrogenase) in bacteria. Injection of 0.71 mmol (+)-D-carnitine resulted in the excretion of 5.0 mumol (average) acetonyltrimethylammonium per mouse during the 48 h post injection. Under the same conditions, rats produced up to 40 mumol acetonyltrimethylammonium. The ratio of excreted acetonyltrimethylammonium to injected (+)-D-carnitine depended on the method of administration and the dose. 4) Production of the pharmacologically active (+)-acetyl-L-beta-methylcholine is not to be expected, following high exogenous doses of (-)-L-carnitine or (-)-acetyl-L-carnitine. The chief metabolites are trimethylamine, trimethylamine oxide and gamma-butyrobetaine (this journal 361, 1059), and both the (-)-L-carnitine pool and exogenous (-)-L-carnitine are dehydrogenated or decarboxylated only to a very small extent, if at all. When DL-carnitine is used therapeutically, the formation of acetonyltrimethylammonium must be taken into account.

Kataboler Carnitinstoffwechsel. Reaktionsprodukte der Carnitin-Decarboxylase und der Carnitin-Dehydrogenase in vivo