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The electrophoretic mobility of uncomplexed alpha 1-antitrypsin was studied in the sol phase of sputum from 14 patients with chronic bronchitis. The mobility of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the sputum of each subject was reduced compared to the mobility in serum (mean sputum value = 71.1% of albumin mobility; mean serum value = 78.5% of albumin mobility). This reduction in alpha 1-antitrypsin mobility was most significant in the sputum samples of patients with chest infections which contained free elastolytic activity (mean value in cases where no enzyme activity was found = 74.9%; in cases with enzyme activity = 66.1%, 2P &lt; 0.01). There was a significant inverse relationship between alpha 1-antitrypsin mobility in sputum and concentration of immunoreactive leucocyte elastase (r = -0.739, 2P &lt; 0.01). The addition of trypsin to the sputum samples showed failure to inhibit the enzyme despite the apparant presence of sufficient uncomplexed alpha 1-antitrypsin in these samples, suggesting this alpha 1-antitrypsin was non-functional. Proteolytic enzymes can inactivate alpha 1-antitrypsin with a reduction in its electrophoretic mobility. The results of this study suggest that the alpha 1-antitrypsin in sputum may be inactivated by lysosomal proteases including elastase.

hoppe-seyler's zeitschrift für physiologische chemie

The Electrophoretic Mobility of α 1 -Antitrypsin in Sputum and Its Relationship to Protease Inhibitory Capacity, Leucocyte Elastase Concentrations and Acute Respiratory Infection