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The genes encoding the restriction-modification (R/M) system LlaCI have been found on the naturally occurring 7.0 kb plasmid pAW153 in L. lactis subsp. cremoris W15. The R/M system was isolated on a chloramphenicol resistant derivative of the wild type plasmid (pAW153cat). Plasmid pAW153cat and a 2.4 kb HincII-SphI fragment cloned into a high- and a low-copy vector conferred decreased sensitivity in L. lactis LM2301 and L. lactis SMQ86 against small isometric-headed phages of the 936 or P335 species, respectively. Increased plasmid copy number enhanced the level of phage restriction. Sequencing the 2.4 kb HincII-SphI fragment revealed two open reading frames arranged convergently with a 94 bp separation. IlaCIM showed 66% identity to hindIIIM, and IlaCIR showed 45% identity to hindIIIR. The organization of the LlaCI operon differs from the HindIII operon, where the endonuclease and methylase genes overlap and are transcribed in the same direction. The LlaCI methylase is predicted to be 296 amino acids long, with 63% identity to the HindIII methylase, while the LlaCI endonuclease is predicted to consist of 324 or 332 amino acids, depending on the position of the start codon. It shows 24% identity to the HindIII endonuclease.

Characterization of LlaCI, a New Restriction-Modification System from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris W15