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The recent development of coherent light amplifiers and oscillators, now generally referred to as optical masers “or lasers,” has made feasible a host of new uses and applications of electromagnetic wave energy in the optical portion of the spectrum. Furthermore, the high degree of monochromaticity obtainable from an optical maser makes it a useful tool for spectroscopic investigations as well as for stimulating various types of chemical and physical reactions. The effect of vanadium doping transforms Bi4Ge3O12 single crystals into optical maser. This result can be observed after thermoluminescence at 556 nm

Mazer’s theory application in Bi4Ge3O12:V

Mazer’s theory application in Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂:V