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Background Lonicera japonica  Thunb has been comprehensively used as a traditional Chinese medicine which contains a variety of medicinally active substances. Objectives The active constituents in various parts of  L. japonica  Thunb (leaves [LE], flowers fl, and green buds [GB]) were studied to rational and efficient use of this medicinal plant. Methods UV–vis spectrophotometry was used for the determination of the total flavonoids; gas chromatography–mass spectrometric method was employed for the analysis of volatile components; and high-performance liquid chromatography technology was applied to detect nine bioactive components including chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, caffeic acid, luteolin, galuteolin, hyperoside, rutin, and quercetin in different parts of  L. japonica  Thunb. The antimicrobial effects of LE, FL, and GB were further measured using agar plate drilling method. Results The content of the total flavonoids in different portions of  L. japonica  Thunb has significant difference, and the content with the decreasing sequence is found in GB, LE, and FL. The contents of main volatile components were highest in FL, followed by GB and LE. Besides, the contents of galuteolin, luteolin, rutin, and isochlorogenic acid C were higher in LE than those in FL and GB, and neochlorogenic acid content was similar in LE and FL. The antimicrobial effects showed that LE had the best inhibitory activity on  Staphylococcus aureus  (SA) and extended spectrum β-lactamases SA. Conclusions The research in this study provided valuable evidences for the reasonable and efficient utilization of  L. japonica  Thunb.

Variation in contents of active components and antibacterial activity in different parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb