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The Qumran Caves provided a treasure trove of manuscripts containing psalms and prayers. Of the over 900 manuscripts from the caves, almost a sixth have been classified by their official editors as manuscripts that contain, at least in their present state of preservation, only psalms or prayers. In addition, there are a number of psalms and prayers as part of narrative works (e. g., 1QS, 1QM, and Jubilees). Much has already been written on many of these works, like the so-called psalms manuscripts and the Hodayot, and estimations have been made about the extent of the collections of psalms and prayers in individual manuscripts and their possible use. Sometimes these assessments have been based mostly on the contents of the collection, at other times on the material formats, and in a few instances these have been combined.1 Mostly the arguments have claimed either a private use or a public, ritual, use. Furthermore, such assessments have typically been made by determining the size of the manuscript and the plausible extent of its contents, and consequently in what settings such a scroll could most probably have been used. Thus far there have been no attempts to provide a complete overview of the psalm and prayer material from Qumran focusing on matters that are more directly related to the actual reading of a manuscript than its overall dimensions, i. e., script size and spacing of lines, letters, and words.2 I will provide such an overview of the material in this article, drawing attention to features shared by these manuscripts and the works in them. I will furthermore provide an estimate of the standard spacing used in these manuscripts, which allows for manuscripts markedly deviating from these standards to be more easily recognized for closer inspection in the future.3 Naturally such an analysis is based on probabilities and averages and cannot be used to give absolute answers concerning the use of specific manuscripts. It is thus suggestive rather than conclusive. But the size of the collection of manuscripts from Qumran containing

Reading Psalm and Prayer Manuscripts From Qumran