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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide, and in addition to its impact on the patient's health, it poses a major socioeconomic burden. Tobacco smoke, indoor cooking, and air pollution are major triggers of the disease. This article summarizes evidence for the concept that lung microvascular molecular alterations can be a driver of lung emphysema. If findings from preclinical models allow a transfer to the human situation, this concept can offer new approaches for curative treatment of lung emphysema.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Vascular Disease. A Comorbidity?