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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a diploid crop having 2n=24 chromosomes. Two different plant types, heterozygous for reciprocal translocation (P-1 and P-8), showing marker phenotypic traits with weaker morphology and reduced seed formation as compared to their normal counterparts were isolated in an induced mutant population of a gamma irradiated set. The 2 induced translocation heterozygotes (P-1 and P-8) exhibited the formation of a ring or chain of 4 chromosomes along with 4 bivalents in the majority of PMCs at diakinesis and metaphase-I. The quadrivalents appeared both in ring and chain configurations but ring configuration was more frequent being 53.56% in P-1 and 48.82% in P-8. Besides this, other configurations like trivalents and univalents, along with variable numbers of bivalents, could also be observed at metaphase I. At anaphase-I, both the translocation heterozygotes showed various abnormalities as well: although some PMCs showed normal 12 : 12 separation, the most common and frequent separation to be encountered in this plant was 11 : 13 with 26.21% in P-1 and 28.17% in P-8. Besides this, bridges and laggards were also recorded as prominent abnormalities. Pollen fertility was found to decline to 50.55% in P-1 and 48.12% in P-8 against 98.00% in the control sets. The percentages of pollen abortion, seed formation and ovule fertility percentage were much higher in the first generation.

Gamma Ray Induced Chromosomal Interchange in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)