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The development of preferential staining methods has greatly facilitated studies on the linear differentiation of chromosomes. The cold induced effects on heterochromatin was discovered by Darlington and La Cour (1938) in Paris polyphylla and has been extensively investigated in plants of Trillium (Darlington and La Cour 1940, Haga and Kurabayashi 1952, 1954, Haga et al. 1974, etc.), Scilla sibirica (Baumann 1971), Fritillaria (Darlington and La Cour 1941, La Cour 1951), Adoxa moschatella (Geitler 1940), Tulbagia (Dyer 1963, Vosa 1966), and Cestrum (Dyer 1963). In these plants, cold treatment induces thinning and understaining in certain specific chromosome segments (cold-sensitive segments). The other segments remain normal in the degree of contraction and stainability. The mechanism underlying cold-induced H-segment formation is presently unknown. Several workers have applied the preferential staining methods (banding methods such as Q-, C-, G-banding, and so on) to heterochromatin of plant chromosomes and they found, in some cases, a correlation between the cold-sensitive segments and the positive banded segments. In some plants such as Trillium erectum (Caspersson et al. 1968), T. grandiflorum (Schweizer 1973), Scilla siberica (Schweizer 1973, Vosa 1973), Fritillaria lanceolata and F. recurva (Schweizer 1973), and Adoxa moschatella (Greilhuber 1979), the positive banded chromosome segments were identical with the cold-sensitive segments. In Paris polyphylla (Filion and Vosa 1980) and some species of Tulbaghia (Vosa 1970), the heterochromatic segments induced by cold treatment appear as reduced fluorescence Quinacrine staining. On the other hand, Takehisa and Utsumi (1973) showed that the Giemsa staining method stained differentially not only the cold-sensitive segments but other regions of chromosomes in Trillium kamtschaticum as well. This was also found in plants such as two American species of Trillium (Chinnappa and Morton 1978) and five species of Cestrum (Berg and Greilhuber 1992, 1993a, b). Thus, a correlation between the cold-sensitive segments and positive banded segments is complicate and still obscure. The present paper describes a comparative study of the cold-sensitive segments and C-banded segments of chromosomes in Paris tetraphylla.

Comparison of Cold-sensitive and C-banded Segments of Chromosomes in Paris tetraphylla A. Gray.