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Recent studies revealed that obesity is a low-grade, chronic inflammatory state that is accompanied by the enhanced production of multiple chemokines. In particular, metabolic syndrome (MS) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation are significantly associated with certain chemokines in adults. However, little is known regarding this association in obese children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating chemokine levels and both MS and VAT accumulation in obese children. Forty-four obese schoolchildren (26 boys) with a percentage of overweight (POW) exceeding 20 were evaluated. The median age was 11.4 years (range: 6.8-16.5 years). Blood samples were drawn after overnight fasting, and serum chemokine levels (CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10) were quantitated. Visceral fat area (VFA) determinations were conducted using computed tomography. The results showed that the median BMI Z-score, POW, waist circumference and VFA of the subjects were 2.24 SD, 49.8%, 88.3 cm and 80.8 cm 2 , respectively. Eighteen were diagnosed with MS. CCL2 was significantly increased in MS subjects compared with non-MS subjects (p&lt;0.05). CXCL10 was positively correlated with VFA (r=0.425, p&lt;0.01). There were no significant correlations between age and chemokine levels. We showed that CCL2 levels were elevated in MS and CXCL10 levels were associated with VFA in obese children. Our results suggest that CCL2 and CXCL10 play important roles in the progression of obesity-related metabolic complications in children.

CCL2 level is elevated with metabolic syndrome and CXCL10 level is correlated with visceral fat area in obese children