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Big gastrin comprising 34 amino acid residues (G34) consists of an N-terminal pentadecapeptide linked via two lysine residues to a C-terminal heptadecapeptide identical with little gastrin (G17). Both G17 and G34 have now been established as the principal active forms of gastrin. In this study, release of G34 N-terminal peptide fragment of methacholine and porcine gastrin releasing peptide (pGRP) stimulation in isolated rat stomach perfusion system was investigated by radioimmunoassay with use of an antiserum specific to the N-terminal portion of G34. G34 N-terminal immunoreactivity (IR-G34-N) was detected in rat stomach and proximal duodenum, and the highest concentration was found in extract of the antral mucosa. The concentration of IR-G34-N was constantly lower than that of IR-G17. By gel-filtration study, IR-G34-N in antral mucosa extract was attributed mostly to the G34 N-terminal pentadecapeptide-like component, and the concentration of G34 was about one tenth of G17. Methacholine 10(-8)-10(-3) M produced a biphasic dose-dependent release of IR-G34-N from the vascularly perfused isolated rat stomach. The maximal release was shown by 10(-5) M of methacholine. The release was concomitant with that of IR-G17 during methacholine stimulation. Stimulation of pGRP (14-27) (10(-7) M) produced a monophasic release of IR-G34-N from the vascularly perfused isolated rat stomach. The release was concomitant with that of G17 during the stimulation. The integrated IR-G34-N release was not stoichiometric with that of IR-G17, and IR-G34-N was constantly low. Gel-filtration of the perfusate from rat stomach revealed the presence of the G34 N-terminal pentadecapeptide-like component as a sole major component. The present results demonstrate that post-translational processing of the gastrin precursor in the rat antrum did not necessarily produce G34, which is further converted in the tissue to G17-related peptide(s) and that the G34 N-terminal fragment formed in the G34 conversion is stored and released concomitantly with G17-related peptide(s).

Co-existence and Co-release of Gastrin 34 N-terminal Fragment with Gastrin 17 in Rat Stomach