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| The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of refraction associated with Anterior Corneal Dystrophies (ACDs). Present retrospective, analytical study was performed between October 2012 and June 2013 on all cases seen from different cities of Punjab during ophthalmological consultation at the Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent trust hospital, Mughal Eye Hospital & General Hospital. The techniques used for the diagnosis of Anterior Corneal Dystrophies were an examination of cornea using a slit lamp biomicroscope, topography, orbscan, keratometry, phoropter and far visual acuity. Indeed a drop in visual acuity and blindness were the main reasons for consultation in this study. Fifty three cases of ACDs were identified from Punjab, corresponding to hospital prevalence of 0.5/1000. The ACDs were studied in 13 women and 40 men. ACDs are predominant in age group 11-20 years. The chi-square test was used for comparison between different age groups and was considered significant at P < 0.05. The variables examined were age, gender, main complaint and far visual acuity. No association was found among any of the variables. Anterior Corneal Dystrophies leads to much decreased vision due to refractive errors and in some cases to corneal blindness with marked variation in phenotypes. Each Corneal Dystrophy needs elaborative study to find out the pathology of each dystrophy precisely. Affected families should be examined and interrogated to determine the site of mutation within their genome and the consequences causing these mutations. Different aids should be developed for decreasing visual disability of the affected individuals.

Study on Binocular Vision Assessment and Refraction in Patients of Anterior Segment Corneal Dystrophies: The Pakistani Hospital Based Study