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The purpose of this paper is to identify the cultural characteristics of Islamic cities, which emerge as centers of knowledge, and consequently to draw attention to the cultural level attained by the Muslim states of the era. Information on the cultural life and the identities, personalities, the course and venues of education, mentors and students of the scholars are generally contained in sources known as tabakât [i.e. collections] and a'lâm [i.e. traces]. These sources provide detailed information on the scholarship, education and cultural life of Muslim lands, while also shedding light on the cities frequented by the scholars for rihla [i.e. journey undertaken especially for divine wisdom and knowledge]. Information on the level of cultural development of such cities in a given period of time is often set out in sources on the history of cities, history of geography and general history of Islam. Information contained in these sources and the interpretation of this information call attention to three particular issues: firstly, the rich variety of the scholarly and cultural activities performed in terms of both form and content implies that the Muslim lands in the tenth century attained a high cultural and civil status in comparison with its contemporaries. The second important aspect is that almost all of the scholars who were active agents in the social and cultural life went to cities renowned as cultural hubs to receive higher education. Lastly, those who completed their education in cities emerging as cultural centers started working as active scientists and educators, having been convinced that they had been educated in accordance with the norms of their time. Ozet Bu tebligin amaci, hicri IV./miladi X. yuzyilda ilim merkezleri olarak one cikan Islam sehirlerinin kulturel niteliklerini tanimak ve dolayisiyla o cagin Musluman devletlerinin sahip olduklari kulturel duzeye dikkat cekmektir. Islâm tarihinde kulturel hayat ile bilginlerin kimlik, kisilik, tahsil hayati ve tahsil yerleri, ders aldiklari hocalari ve ders verdikleri talebeler hakkindaki bilgiler, daha cok tabakât veya a’lâm kitaplari olarak adlandirilan kaynaklarda bulunmaktadir. Bu kitaplardaki kayitlar Musluman yurdunun ilim, egitim ve kultur hayati hakkinda ayrintili bilgi sunarken, ayni zamanda bilginlerin ilim tahsili yani rihle amaciyla gittikleri sehirleri de haber vermektedir. Bu sehirlerin ozellikle o caga ozgu kulturel gelismisligi hakkindaki bilgiler ise daha cok sehir tarihi, cografya tarihi ve genel Islam tarihi kaynaklarinda bulunmaktadir. Iste bu kaynaklarin analiz edilmesi yoluyla elde edilen bilgi ve tespitler su uc olguya dikkat cekmektedir. Birincisi, icra edilen ilim ve kultur faaliyetlerinin hem cesit hem de icerik bakimindan oldukca zengin olmasi, miladi X. Yuzyilda Islam ulkesinin hemen her bakimdan kendi cagdaslari arasinda yuksek bir kulturel ve medeni duzeye erismis olduguna isaret etmektedir. Ikinci onemli sonuc, sosyal ve kulturel hayat uzerinde oldukca etkin bir konumda bulunan bilginlerin hemen tamaminin kultur merkezleri olarak one cikan sehirlerde yuksek tahsil amaciyla bulunduklari gercegidir. Ucuncu sonuc ise, kulturel merkezler olarak one cikan sehirlerde tahsilini tamamlayanlarin, zamanin kurallarina uygun sekilde kendini yetistirdigine kani olarak bilim ve egitim faaliyetlerinde aktif gorev almis olmalaridir.

uluslararası i̇nsan bilimleri dergisi

Cultural characteristics of Islamic cities that emerge as centers of knowledge at the 10th century A.D.&lt;p&gt;Miladi X. yüzyılda ilim merkezleri olarak öne çıkan İslam şehirlerinin kültürel nitelikleri