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Polybius (M.O. 200-118) was born in the city of Megalopolis in Hellas. He belongs to a noble and distinguished family. By the influence of his family he took important tasks in Achaean League in a short time. After Perseus’ defeat at Pydna (168 BC), Polybius was one of the 1,000 Achaean nobles who were transported to Rome as hostages in 167 BC, and was detained there for 17 years. In Rome Polybius had become acquainted with Aemilius Paulus and his two sons and he was allowed to remain in Rome in the house of Aemilius, to act as tutor to the two boys. Thus the friendship began between Polybius and the younger son, who became by adoption Publius Scipio Aemilianus. Polybius differs from contemporary historians in many respects of his period. Polybius is considered as the latest and greatest historian of the Hellenistic period. And he is one of the leading historians of the Roman Republic period. These two features shows us that the History of Polybius connects Hellenistic period to the Roman period. Polybius on the one hand while witnessing the collapse of the Hellenistic Period, the other hand testifies to the rise of the Roman era. Polybius' main aim was to record the rise of Rome to supremacy over the Mediterranean states from the beginning of the Second Punic War to the end of the Third Macedonian War. He wrote the history of Rome with Hellenistic perspective. His universal historiographical method reflects the characteristics of the Hellenistic period. The Hellenistic kingdoms in the claim of universality has now replaced by Rome. In other words, Polybius places Rome and its institutions on the basis of universal history. Rome governing the whole world is universal and irresistible power. Ozet Polybius (M.O.200-118) Hellas’daki Megalopolis kentinin soylu ve seckin ailelerinden birine mensup olarak dunyaya gelmistir. Ailesinin nufuzu sayesinde kisa surede Akhaia Birliginde onemli gorevlere gelmistir. Roma’nin 168’deki Pydna zaferinden sonra Polybius’un icinde bulundugu bir grup seckin Akhaia Birligi vatandasi haklarinda dava acilmak uzere Roma’ya goturulmustur. Polybius Roma’da bulundugu sure icerisinde Roma’nin seckin ailelerinden birine mensup olan Scipio Aemilianus’un dikkatini cekmis ve tutsak olarak bulundugu 17 yillik donemde de Genc Scipio’nun dostlugunu ve lutfunu kazanmistir. Polybius bircok acidan doneminin tarih yazarlarindan ayrilir. Hem Hellenistik cagin son ve en buyuk tarihcisi olarak kabul edilir hem de Roma Cumhuriyet doneminin onde gelen tarih yazarlari arasindadir. Bu iki ozelligini birlestirdigimizde Polybius’un Hellenistik donemi Roma donemine baglayan bir mihenk tasi ozelligi oldugunu goruruz. Onun eserini yazmaktaki asil amaci Roma’nin Akdeniz dunyasindaki devletleri egemenlik altina alma surecini kayit altina almakti. Ona gore bu surec II. Kartaca Savasiyla baslar, III. Kartaca Savasinin sona ermesine kadar devam eder. Hellenistik bakis acisiyla Roma tarihini yazmistir. Polybius’un Hellenistik donemden izler tasiyan evrensel bir tarih anlayisi vardir. Hellenistik cagin evrensellik iddiasindaki kralliklarin yerini simdi Roma almistir. Baska bir deyisle Polybius evrensel tarihinin temeline Roma’yi ve onun kurumlarini yerlestirir. Roma tum dunyayi yoneten evrensel ve karsi konulamaz bir guctur. Polybius kendi yurttaslarini da Roma’ya karsi gelmemeleri konusunda sik sik ikaz eder.

Polybius’ point of view on history and his historiographical method<p>Polybius’un tarih anlayışı ve tarih yazım yöntemi üzerine