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In recent years, the use of flax fibres to replace glass fibres as reinforcement in polymer composites has gained popularity due to an increasing environmental concern and requirement for developing sustainable materials. Many works deal with the properties of flax fibres cultivated for textile applications and today used for the reinforcement of polymers. As fibrous material from oleaginous flax varieties and shives are available in large quantities and not promoted, their use in composites shall be further developed in the forthcoming years. In Croatia and Slovenia mainly oleaginous flax is grown, where after seed collecting the most of the steams remain unused and major portion is burned in the field, creating environmental pollution or were disposed by ploughdown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterise and compare the properties of shives and technical fibres extracted from flax Linum usitatissimum L. textile variety planted in Croatia and from Slovenian autochthonous oleaginous variety from Bela Krajina, to be used as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. Flax steams of the textile variety were subjected to water retting for 72 hours, and flax steams of oleaginous variety were dew retted for 4 weeks. Dried retted stems were passed through a mechanical process of breaking and scotching, which were followed by heckling and combing, where the shives and fibres in four length groups were separated. Characterisation of fibrous material of both varieties were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy, by moisture regain, fibre length, linear density and tensile strength as well as by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. According to the analysis performed, it was concluded that: the properties of investigated textile and oleaginous flax fibrous material were comparable, as well as the properties of tested fibre’s length groups within the same variety ; that flax fibres from textile and oleaginous varieties have adequate morphological and mechanical properties, as well as thermal stability for reinforcing polymer matrix composites ; and that flax shives are more appropriate for fillers in plastics, with lower reinforcing role. As the type of fibre reinforcement (short fibres, roving/yarns, nonwoven or woven fabrics) is very important for the polymer composite resulting properties, according to the results obtained is possible to select the fibres for specific purposes.

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites