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Teeth with open apex hinder biomechanical preparation and formation of an adequate apical stop. An alternative to induce apexification is to seal the open apical foramen with an apical plug. Different techniques can be adopted for insertion and condensation of this material. Objective: To evaluate radiographically the formation of an apical plug by means of different techniques used to insert Portland cement (PC). Material and methods: Forty single-rooted premolars were extracted, instrumented and enlarged coronally and apically to #140 K file. Teeth were divided into four groups of ten specimens each, according to the technique of cement insertion used to make the apical plug: Group I, gutta-percha cone; Group II, MTA applicator; Group III, Lentulo drill; and Group IV, system of large bore needle. The quality of radiographic apical plug filling made of PC and inserted by means of different techniques was assessed. Data were tabulated and subjected to Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test with individual comparison between groups (Student-Newman-Keuls) (p < 0.05). Results: Group I achieved the highest success rate (80%) when compared to the other groups, with significant difference only when compared to Group IV. No significant difference was found between the other groups. Conclusion: The technique of cement insertion using gutta-percha cone was superior to the technique with the needle system. It also had a tendency to be better than the other techniques.

Evaluation of Portland cement insertion techniques for apical plug confection in teeth with open apex