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The concept of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) represents a realbreakthrough for present description of fundamental interactions by means ofgauge theories. Although the underlying ideas were ancient, their formalizationrequired a long time, due to epistemological obstacles and technicaldifficulties. In this paper, the main steps of SSB evolution are brieflyoutlined, from the introduction of the order parameter in the Thirties to thebirth of the many-body theory at the end of the Fifties. In this context, thecontribute of the capital L.Landau's works on phase transitions and quantumfluids, as well as of the seminal ideas of F. London, is highlighted, and thephenomenological approach in theoretical physics (whose features areschematically underlined) is showed to be crucial in the rising field ofcomplex systems.

Breaking the symmetry. The first steps of a new way of thinking