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Dyslexia is a developmental learning disorder of single word reading accuracyand/or fluency, with compelling research directed towards understanding thecontributions of the visual system. While dyslexia is not an oculomotordisease, readers with dyslexia have shown different eye movements thantypically developing students during text reading. Readers with dyslexiaexhibit longer and more frequent fixations, shorter saccade lengths, morebackward refixations than typical readers. Furthermore, readers with dyslexiaare known to have difficulty in reading long words, lower skipping rate ofshort words, and high gaze duration on many words. It is an open questionwhether it is possible to harness these distinctive oculomotor scanningpatterns observed during reading in order to develop a screening tool that canreliably identify struggling readers, who may be candidates for dyslexia. Here,we introduce a novel, fast, objective, non-invasive method, named RapidAssessment of Difficulties and Abnormalities in Reading (RADAR) that screensfor features associated with the aberrant visual scanning of reading text seenin dyslexia. Eye tracking parameter measurements that are stable under retestand have high discriminative power, as indicated by their ROC curves, wereobtained during silent text reading. These parameters were combined to derive atotal reading score (TRS) that can reliably separate readers with dyslexia fromtypical readers. We tested TRS in a group of school-age children ranging from8.5 to 12.5 years of age. TRS achieved 94.2% correct classification of childrentested. Specifically, 35 out of 37 control (specificity 94.6%) and 30 out of 32readers with dyslexia (sensitivity 93.8%) were classified correctly usingRADAR, under a circular validation condition where the individual evaluated wasnot included in the test construction group.

RADAR: A Novel Fast-Screening Method for Reading Difficulties with Special Focus on Dyslexia