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It is known that exposure to As +3  via drinking water causes a disruption of the immune system and significantly compromises the immune response to infection. The purpose of these studies was to assess the effects of As +3  on bone marrow progenitor cell colony formation and the humoral immune response to a T-dependent antigen response (TDAR)  in vivo . In a 30 day drinking water study, mice were exposed to 19, 75, or 300 ppb As +3 . There was a decrease in bone marrow cell recovery, but not spleen cell recovery at 300 ppb As +3 . In the bone marrow, As +3  altered neither the expression of CD34+ and CD38+ cells, markers of early hematopoietic stem cells, nor CD45−/CD105+, markers of mesenchymal stem cells. Spleen cell surface marker CD45 expression on B cells (CD19+), T cells (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), natural killer (NK+), and macrophages (Mac 1+) were not altered by the 30 day  in vivo  As +3  exposure. Functional assays of CFU-B colony formation showed significant selective suppression (p<0.05) by 300 ppb As +3  exposure, whereas CFU-GM formation was not altered. The TDAR of the spleen cells was significantly suppressed at 75 and 300 ppb As +3 .  In vitro  studies of the bone marrow revealed a selective suppression of CFU-B by 50 nM As +3  in the absence of apparent cytotoxicity. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMA +3 ) demonstrated a dose-dependent and selective suppression of CFU-B beginning at 5 nM (p<0.05). MMA +3  suppressed CFU-GM formation at 500 nM, a concentration that proved to be nonspecifically cytotoxic. As +5  did not suppress CFU-B and/or CFU-GM  in vitro  at concentrations up to 500 nM. Collectively, these results demonstrate that As +3  and likely its metabolite (MMA +3 ) target lymphoid progenitor cells in mouse bone marrow and mature B and T cell activity in the spleen.

Arsenite Selectively Inhibits Mouse Bone Marrow Lymphoid Progenitor Cell Development In Vivo and In Vitro and Suppresses Humoral Immunity In Vivo