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Optical fiber with high numerical aperture (NA) can efficiently relieve thedegeneracy of higher order linearly polarized modes. The degeneracy relief isinvestigated in two types of high NA fibers, i.e., low index cladding fiber andhigh-index-core fiber. A naked core fiber, as with low index cladding, can beused theoretically to generate the orbital angular momentum mode (OAMM) HE21and the cylindrically symmetric modes (CSMs) TM01 and TE01. A high index corefiber incorporated with high contrast index structure can be used similarly toobtain OAMM HE31. The generation of both CSMs and OAMMs required tilted opticalgratings to couple the fundamental core mode HE11 into these modes. The tiltangle and modulation period of the grating fringes can be calculated simply andvisually with the method proposed in this article.

journal of the optical society of america. a, optics, image science, and vision./journal of the optical society of america. a, online

Generation of cylindrically symmetric modes and orbitalangular momentum  modes with tilted optical gratings inscribed in high numerical aperture  fibers