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Haloacid dehalogenases (2-haloacid halidohydrolase; EC class: 3.8.1.2) catalyze the hydrolytlc dehalogenation of 2-haloalkanoic acids to produce the corresponding 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids. Four different groups of 2- haloacid dehalogenases have been found in bacterial cells. The carboxylate group of Asplo of L-2-haloacid dehalogenase acts as a nucleophile on the a-carbon of L-Zhaloalkanoic acid to form an ester intermdate, which is hydrolyzed to produce the corresponding 2-hydroxyalkanoic acid. In contrast, in the reaction of DL-Zhaloacid dehalogenase (inversion type), a water molecule activated by the enzyme directly attacks the a-carbon of the substrate. D-2-Haloacid dehalogenase shows sequence similarity to DL-Zhaloacid dehalogenase (inversion type), suggesting that the reaction mechanism of D-Zhaloacid dehalogenase is similar to that of DL-?-haloacid dehalogenase (inversion type). Only the DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase (retention type) reaction proceeds with retention of the C2-configuration of the substrate, and its reaction mechanism is probably different from those of other 2-haloacid dehalogenases. ,

Bacterial 2-haloacid dehalogenases: structures and catalytic properties