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A case control study has been performed for analyzing risk factors of breast cancer in lndonesia females. Three hundred cases and 600 controls were interviewed using standard questionnaires for epidemiological data collection. The subjects were probedfor various demographic data, reproductive status, sexual behnviors, dietary habits and other lifustyles. The data were analyzed for determining signifi.cant riskfactors using both univariate and multivariate analysis. Special attention has been pay on evaluating the riskfactors in relation to dffirent ethnic groups. Sundanese ethnic group known to differ in their dietary habits and certain liftstyles to the other ethnic Broups, was compared to non-Sundanese. The results showed that among Sundanese, the foLlowing risk factors: socio-economic and education levels, Iiving area (rural versus urban), marital status andworking status were not significant, while among non-Sundanese, the irregular menstruation and breast trauma increased the risk, with OR and 95VoCI oT 1.60; 1.12-2.28 and 1.89; 1.02-3.48 respectively. Such an effect was shown aLso by the whole population. Increased risk due to dietary habits was shown by intakes of coconut milk containing food and fatty meat in both SunrJanese and non-Sundanese groups and in the whole population. The Odds ratios (OD) in the Sundanese were higher than the OD in the others, i.e. 1.95 versus 1.31 and 1.43 for coconut milk containing food and 1.93 versw 1.37 dan I .47 for fatty meat. Decreased risk was shown by vegetable/fruit intake in the Sundanese and the whole population, with lower Odds Ratio in thefarme4 i.e.0.3 1versus 0.61. Suchprotective effectwas also shownby intakes of freshvegetable, egg andnon-fatty meat in the non-Sundanese group and in the whole population, with similar figures of Odds Ratios. By multivariate analysis, the effect of egg consumption was confirmed in both Swtdanese and non-Sundanese, while the effect of vegetable/fruit juice was only seen in Sundanese and the effect ofmilkwas only seen in non-Sundanese. Keywods: Breast cance4 case control study, ethnic analysis, riskfactors. + Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10320, Indonesia t Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nagoya [Jniversity, Nagoya 466, Japan # Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jaknrta 10430, lndonesia * Deparotment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia ' Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia \ Department of Pathology, Cancer lnstitute Hospital, Tolqo 170, Japan Vol 8, No 2, April June 1999

Breast cancer risk factors among Sundanese and other ethnic groups in Indonesia