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The treatment of industrial wastewater with high organic loads has a large potential for energy recovery and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, the energy and carbon footprints of diff erent process technologies for the treatment of fat rich wastewater from the Vietnamese seafood industry have been examined. Three options have been compared: the current low-tech solution in which the fat is used as an input for biodiesel production, the anaerobic treatment of the fat with power generation from the biogas and a combined option in which the fat is converted into biodiesel and the effl uent is pre-treated anaerobically. Energy consumption and recovery as well as other emission sources have been analysed during the construction and operation phase of the plants, while the demolition phase has been neglected. All analysed options have a positive net energy output which sums up to 4.17; 4.44 and 9.82 kWh per treated m of wastewater for variants 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The corresponding carbon footprints are -0.90. -0.69 and -2.24 KgCO2 /m. Hence, anaerobic digestion of the fat can slightly improve the net energy output but performs even worse on the carbon footprint of the treatment plant, whereas the combination of biodiesel production and anaerobic pre-treatment reduces energy consumption during the operational phase and recovers more than twice as much energy as the other options. Furthermore, all variants have a negative carbon footprint and thus save CO2-emissions, since the carbon in the wastewater is biogenic and the recovered energy can replace fossil fuels.

Energy and carbon footprints of different technologies for energy recovery from wastewater of the Vietnamese seafood processing industry