English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

. The Africanized honey bees (AHB) are known by the high productivity and tolerance against pathogens and parasites such Varroa destructor. Besides these beneficial characteristics, the AHB are considered highly defensive and generally urges caution in management. However, little is known about the behavioral aspects of AHB in Brazilian beekeeping. In this context, our objectives were to evaluate the repertoire of defensive behavior (DB) in AHB emphasizing the relevance of environmental and visual stimuli, as well as the aggressiveness gradient among Brazilian colonies. The aspects related to defensive behavior were measured by Stort method with some adaptations. We found differences between colonies in the speed of first attack and attack intensity (p<0.05%), although the DB patterns were not affected by temperature and period of evaluations. All attacks began in the black part of sphere target; however after the first sting both parts (black and white) were attacked. This fact indicates that even the visual clues have a relevant role in colony defense; chemical signs (alarm pheromones) maintain the target and act in attack increase. We also identified a great variation in defensive pattern among the studied colonies that was indeed expected due to high genetic variability present in AHB. The DB evaluation plays an important role in colony selection and genetic improvement based on beneficial characters such as high honey production and low aggressiveness during management. Repertorio do Comportamento Defensivo em Apis mellifera L. africanizada (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Variacoes nos Padroes Defensivos e Influencia de Estimulos Visuais Resumo. As abelhas africanizadas (AHB) sao conhecidas por sua alta produtividade e tolerância a patogenos e parasitas como o acaro Varroa destructor. Em contraste as caracteristicas vantajosas, as AHB sao consideradas altamente defensivas necessitando de certos cuidados em seu manejo. Entretanto, poucos estudos relatam caracteristicas especificas sobre os padroes de comportamento de AHB na apicultura brasileira. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o repertorio do comportamento defensivo (DB) em AHB, identificando a importância de condicoes climaticas e estimulos visuais nesta caracteristica, bem como gradiente de agressividade dentre as colonias. Os aspectos relacionados ao comportamento defensivo foram avaliados pelo metodo de Stort com adaptacoes. Foram encontradas diferencas entre as colonias em relacao a velocidade do primeiro ataque e intensidade de ataque (p<0.05%), por outro lado os padroes de DB nao foram afetados pela variacao de temperatura durante os periodos de avaliacao. Todos os ataques se iniciaram pela parte preta da esfera alvo, contudo apos o primeiro ataque ambos os lados (preto e branco) sofreram ataques. Tal fato indica que embora as pistas visuais possuam um papel relavente na defesa das colonias, sinais quimicos (feromonios de alarme) atuam na manutencao e aumento do possivel alvo. Pode-se tambem identificar uma grande variacao nos padroes defensivos dentre as colonias estudadas, fator esperado devido a grande variabilidade genetica presente em AHB. Por sua vez, a avaliacao do DB possui um importante papel na selecao e melhoramento de colonias visando a selecao de caracteristicas beneficas como alta produtividade de mel e baixa agressividade durante o manejo.

Repertoire of Defensive Behavior in Africanized Honey Bees (Hymenoptera – Apidae): Variations in Defensive Standard and Influence of Visual Stimuli