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Three strains of alkalophilic Bacillus, KSM-19, KSM-64 and KSM-520, were isolated which produced alkaline cellulases suitable as additives for improving the efficiency of detergent products. Their activities were not inhibited at all by metal ions or various components of laundry products, such as surfactants, chelating agents and proteinases. The enzyme preparations showed strong activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose, the optimum pHs being 8.5–9.5 and the optimum temperatures about 50°C.Maximum growth of the isolates was observed at an initial pH of 8.5–9.5; slight growth occurred at neutral pH. Production of the alkaline cellulases required the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose, and it was controlled by a mechanism involving catabolite repression and induction. Two strains, KSM-19 and KSM-64, produced alkaline lichenan-hydrolyzing enzymes.

Alkaline cellulases for laundry detergents: Production by alkalophilic strains of Bacillus and some properties of the crude enzymes.