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The mechanism of magnetization reversal processes in hard magnetic alloys with different type of magnetic anisotropy, i.e. shape (Alnico, Fe-Cr-Co) and magnetocrystalline (Nd-Fe-B), were investigated on the basis of the rotational hysteresis energy and its integral calculated from the magnetic torque curves. Moreover, the measured angular dependence of the coercive field was analyzed within the framework of theoretical results for pinning and nucleation models. Additionally, observation of the magnetic domain structure was made by means of the powder pattern technique. All experimental data compared with appropriate theoretical models clearly indicate that the magnetic hardening mechanism in the studied magnets with (i) shape anisotropy (Alnico, Fe-Cr-Co) occurs principally by the curling mechanism and (ii) magnetocrystalline anisotropy (Nd-Fe-B) is based on the nucleation process.

Domain Structure and Magnetization Reversal Processes in Magnetic Alloys with Shape and Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy