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Intracellular recordings in GABAergic feedback neurons in the mushroom body of the honey bee brain revealed patterns of alternating neural activity. The recorded neurons have been identified via iontophoretic injection of Neurobiotin. The staining of groups of cells indicated dye coupling on the basis of gap junctions. The corresponding spike activity revealed spikes with different but overall comparatively low amplitudes (“spikelets”). The assumption of axo-axonal gap junctions would explain the staining of clusters of feedback neurons, alternating unit activity as well as spikelets with low amplitude. If a neuron in the electrically coupled network fires at a lower than maximal firing rate with respect to the refractory period, it will become more susceptible to laterally incoming spikes of neighbouring feedback neurons. In succession, the respective cell can be fully overtaken by neighbouring spike activity. On the one hand this proposed mechanism could lead to highly synchronous spike activity of a huge number of inhibitory synapses in the mushroom body calyces. On the other hand, the mechanism of laterally spreading activity could act like an amplifier. Additionally, the anatomical properties of Protocerebro Calycal Tract (PCT) feedback neurons could account for a reset function in order to allow for the changing activity profiles of the coupled cells. The laterally incoming potential would run in an antero- and retrograde direction. This could in principle lead to backpropagating inhibition of neighbouring PCT neurons and therefore a reset of one gating cycle. The proposed resulting oscillatory pattern of PCT activity has already been described in the literature and is confirmed by the physiological results, presented here.

Antisynchronous spike patterns in dye coupled GABAergic feedback neurons in the brain of the honeybee Apis mellifera