English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

A series of coals of varying rank, from brown coal to anthracite, were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Curve-fitting analysis was employed to characterize coal structural evolution during the coalification process. The study was carried out on samples of a natural evolutionary series as well as experimental simulation coals dispersed on KBr pellets throughout the Ordos Basin, China. The results showed that the infrared spectrum of coal allowed quality and even quantity identification of the degree of coalification. Oxygen-containing groups and alkyl side chains of coal cracked at different rates with increasing degree of coalification. The cracking rates were divided into three stages according to the main changes in coal structure. These stages were carboxyl groups, fat groups and aromatic rings. Carboxyl groups decreased when R o  was less than 0.5%, and these groups were maintained until the fat coal stage began. Fat groups mainly cracked at the asphaltization stage and formed abundant hydrocarbons. These groups were the main sources for the formation of immature and low maturity, coal-generating oil before asphaltization. In the high evolutionary stage, after asphaltization, all alkyl side chains in the coal had cracked, while the degree of condensed aromatic rings had increased greatly. The ratios of aromatic hydrocarbons (3000 to 3100 cm −1 ) to aliphatic carbons (2800 to 3000 cm −1 ), CH 2 /CH 3  (2920/2950 cm −1 ) and carboxyl groups to aromatic carbons (1705/1620 cm −1  + 1600cm −1  + 1580 cm −1 ) appeared to be suitable parameters for assessing the natural maturation of coal.

Evolution of Coal Structures: FTIR Analyses of Experimental Simulations and Naturally Matured Coals in the Ordos Basin, China