English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

or frailty, and delayed prognosis of HF patients.10 Thus, alternations in gut flora and microbiome-derived metabolites and the prognostic effect may be more clearly associated with pathophysiology in HF patients than in other CVD patients. It has been reported that TMAO can serve as a prognostic biomarker in both chronic and acute HF, independent of traditional risk factors or levels of B-type natriuretic peptide.11,12 Differences in gut microbiome from HF patients, relative to healthy or control subjects with different comorbidities, medications, and diet, have been reported.13,14 In this issue of the Journal, Hayashi et al15 report comprehensive profiles of gut flora and plasma levels of microbiome-related metabolites in HF patients, considering both decompensated and compensated phases, during I t has been reported that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiome-derived metabolite, promotes upregulation of multiple macrophage scavenger receptors linked to atherosclerosis, suggesting a relationship between gut-flora-dependent metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine and the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).1,2 Heart failure (HF) is a systemic disease with a devastating prognosis that affects not only the cardiovascular system, but many other organ systems, such as kidney and liver. HF causes liver dysfunction with a combination of reduced arterial perfusion and passive congestion, and is associated with adverse prognosis.3–5 Alterations in gastrointestinal function also occur in HF patients as a result of low cardiac output or increased central venous pressure, leading to intestinal epithelial dysfunction, barrier defect, and increased juxtamucosal gut flora and lipopolysaccharide (Figure).6–9 Altered gut flora may be associated with cardiac cachexia Article p 182

Altered Gut Flora and Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolites in Heart Failure Patients in the Compensated and Decompensated Phases