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Estrogens may regulate fat mass distribution by preferentially increasing fat accumulation in the gluteofemoral region, but the role of sex-hormones in epicardial fat volume basically still remains unclear.4 In this context, sex differences have been partly reported by some studies that showed that epicardial fat from female subjects exhibits higher expression of adiponectin and leptin than that of male individuals.5 Moreover, sex-specific adipose tissue distribution may also result from the production of sex hormones by adipose tissue itself. Overall, insofar as increased epicardial fat volume is emerging as a hallmark of cardiovascular risk, we believe that further well-designed studies are warranted to elucidate the importance of sex hormones on epicardial fat accumulation and function, as well as the consequences in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Change in Pericardial Fat Volume and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a General of Japanese Men