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The orbital distribution of the spin fluctuation in the iron-basedsuperconductors(IBSs) is the key information needed to understand themagnetism, superconductivity and electronic nematicity in these multi-orbitalsystems. In this work, we propose that the resonant inelastic X-rayscattering(RIXS) technique can be used to probe selectively the spinfluctuation on different Fe $3d$ orbitals. In particular, the spin fluctuationon the three $t_{2g}$ orbitals, namely, the $3d_{xz}$, $3d_{yz}$ and the$3d_{xy}$ orbital, can be selectively probed in the $\sigma\rightarrow\pi'$scattering geometry by aligning the direction of the outgoing photon in the$y$, $x$ and $z$ direction. Such orbital-resolved information on the spinfluctuation is invaluable for the study of the orbital-selective physics in theIBSs and can greatly advance our understanding on the relation between orbitalordering and spin nematicity in the IBSs and the orbital-selective pairingmechanism in these multi-orbital systems.

Detecting the orbital character of the spin fluctuation in the Iron-based superconductors with the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy