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Background  2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (TL1-1) is a phenolic compound with significant anti-fungal and anti-cancer activities produced by  Daldinia eschscholzii  ( D. eschscholzii ). However, studies have rarely been reported on the fermentation process of  D. eschscholzii  due to the urgent demand for its pharmaceutical researches and applications.    Results  In this work, the optimal fermentation medium for improved TL1-1 yield was first obtained in a shake flask. As the fermentation process was scaling up, the marked effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) on cell growth and TL1-1 biosynthesis were observed and confirmed. Controlling a suitable DO level by the adjustment of agitation speed and aeration rate remarkably enhanced TL1-1 production in a lab-scale bioreactor. Moreover, the fermentation of  D. eschscholzii  was successfully applied in 500-L bioreactor, and TL1-1 production has achieved 873.63 mg/L, approximately 15.4-fold than its initial production (53.27 mg/L).    Conclusions  Dissolved oxygen control strategy for enhancing TL1-1 production was first proposed. Furthermore, control of the appropriate DO level has successfully performed for improving TL1-1 yield and scale-up of  D. eschscholzii  fermentation process.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40643-016-0134-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Dissolved oxygen control strategy for improvement of TL1-1 production in submerged fermentation by Daldinia eschscholzii