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BackgroundBioformulations are the preparations that contain beneficial microorganisms as active ingredients and they may represent a novel alternative to be used in crop protection because of their safety to humans and non-target organisms. Xenorhabdus sp. is an entomopathogenic bacterium that symbiotically associates with nematodes of the family Steinernematidae and has potential to be used in bioformulations due to its pesticide activities. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of bioformulations containing Xenorhabdusstockiae PB09 for controlling mushroom mites.ResultsThe results showed that different Xenorhabdus bioformulations, including wettable powder (WP), liquid cell pellet (LC), and liquid supernatant (LS) were shown to cause very high miticidal activities at 90.25, 86.50, and 92.78 %, respectively. When X. stockiae PB09 bioformulations were stored at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C) and 4 °C for up to 60 days, their viable cells and efficacy were found to decrease. However, storing at 4 °C could relatively maintain both viable cells and efficacy of the bioformulations, especially after 45 days of storage, whereby all the formulations that were kept at 4 °C had 5–10 % and 2–15 times higher miticidal activities and viable cells than that kept at room temperature, respectively. Storing at 4 °C was more appropriate than room temperature for maintaining both viable cells and miticidal activities of all X. stockiae PB09 bioformulations.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study showed that WP and LC formulations were found to be effective and have potentials to be further developed as commercial products for controlling mushroom mites.

Bioformulation of Xenorhabdus stockiae PB09 for controlling mushroom mite, Luciaphorus perniciosus Rack