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We herein describe a harmonic Pi2 wave that started at 09:12 UT on August 19, 2010, with data that were obtained simultaneously at 19:00–20:00 MLT by three mid-latitude Asian-Oceanian Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars (Unwin, Tiger, and Hokkaido radars), three Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites (THEMIS A, THEMIS D, and THEMIS E), and ground-based magnetometers at low and high latitudes. All THEMIS satellites, which were located in the plasmasphere, observed Pi2 pulsations dominantly in the magnetic compressional (B//) and electric azimuthal (EA) components, i.e., the fast-mode component. The spectrum of Pi2 pulsations in the B// and EA components contained two spectral peaks at approximately 12 to 14 mHz (f1, fundamental) and 23 to 25 mHz (f2, second harmonic). The Poynting flux derived from the electric and magnetic fields indicated that these pulsations were waves propagating earthward and duskward. Doppler variations (V) from the 6-s or 8-s resolution camping beams of the Tiger and Unwin SuperDARN radars, which are associated with Pi2 pulsations in the eastward electric field component in the ionosphere, observed Pi2 pulsations within and near the footprint of the plasmapause, whose location was estimated by the THEMIS satellites. The latitudinal profile of f2 power normalized by f1 power for Doppler velocities indicated that the enhancement of the normalized f2 power was the largest near the plasmapause at an altitude-adjusted corrected geomagnetic (AACGM) latitude of 60° to 65°. Based on these features, we suggest that compressional waves propagate duskward away from the midnight sector, where the harmonic cavity mode is generated.

Latitudinal dependence on the frequency of Pi2 pulsations near the plasmapause using THEMIS satellites and Asian-Oceanian SuperDARN radars