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Background    Bacillus  spp. seem to be an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters for improving animals’ health and performance. However, there is little information on the effect of  Bacillus  spp. in combination with different dietary crude protein (CP) levels on the ileal digestibility and microbiota composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of  Bacillus  spp. supplementation to low- (LP) and high-protein diets (HP) on ileal CP and amino acid (AA) digestibility and intestinal microbiota composition.    Methods  Eight ileally cannulated pigs with an initial body weight of 28.5 kg were randomly allocated to a row-column design with 8 pigs and 3 periods of 16 d each. The assay diets were based on wheat-barley-soybean meal with two protein levels: LP (14% CP, as-fed) and HP diet (18% CP, as-fed). The LP and HP diets were supplemented with or without  Bacillus  spp. at a level of 0.04% (as-fed). The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA was determined. Bacterial community composition from ileal digesta was analyzed by Illumina amplicon sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial design using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS.    Results  The supplementation with  Bacillus  spp. did not affect both AID and SID of CP and AA in growing pigs. Moreover, there was no difference in AID of CP and AA between HP and LP diets, but SID of cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline was lower ( P  < 0.05) in pigs fed the HP diets. The HP diets increased abundance of  Bifidobacterium  spp. and  Lactobacillus  spp., ( P  < 0.05) and by amplicon sequencing the latter was identified as predominant genus in microbiota from HP with  Bacillus  spp., whereas dietary supplementation of  Bacillus  spp. increased ( P  < 0.05) abundance of  Roseburia  spp..    Conclusions  The HP diet increased abundance of  Lactobacillus  spp. and  Bifidobacterium  spp.. The supplementation of  Bacillus  spp. resulted in a higher abundance of healthy gut associated bacteria without affecting ileal CP and AA digestibility, whereas LP diet may reduce the flow of undigested protein to the large intestine of pigs.

journal of animal science and biotechnology/journal of animal science and biotechnology

Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation in diets with low- and high-protein content on ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibility and intestinal microbiota composition of growing pigs