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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection, is a highly lethal disease without effective therapy and prevention. With an immune-mediated disease entity, host genetic variant was suggested to influence the occurrence of FIP. This study aimed at evaluating cytokine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), receptor-associated SNPs, i.e., C-type lectin DC-SIGN ( CD209 ), and the five FIP-associated SNPs identified from Birman cats of USA and Denmark origins and their associations with the outcome of FCoV infection in 71 FIP cats and 93 FCoV infected non-FIP cats in a genetically more diverse cat populations. A promoter variant,  fTNFA - 421 T , was found to be a disease-resistance allele. One SNP was identified in the extracellular domain (ECD) of  fCD209  at position +1900, a G to A substitution, and the A allele was associated with FIP susceptibility. Three SNPs located in the introns of  fCD209 , at positions +2276, +2392, and +2713, were identified to be associated with the outcome of FCoV infection, with statistical relevance. In contrast, among the five Birman FIP cat-associated SNPs, no genotype or allele showed significant differences between our FIP and non-FIP groups. As disease resistance is multifactorial and several other host genes could involve in the development of FIP, the five genetic traits identified in this study should facilitate in the future breeding of the disease-resistant animal to reduce the occurrence of cats succumbing to FIP.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0123-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Polymorphisms in the feline TNFA and CD209 genes are associated with the outcome of feline coronavirus infection