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Background   Campylobacter jejuni  ( C. jejuni ) is one of the most common bacteria responsible for human gastroenteritis worldwide. The mode of human transmission is foodborne infections due to consumption of contaminated food, especially poultry. Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) were described recently as  Campylobacter  virulence mechanisms. Furthermore, infection sequelae associated with neurological disorders like Guillain–Barré (GBS) and Miller Fisher (MF) syndromes can become serious health problems in some patients after  Campylobacter  gastroenteritis. Our objective was to determine the distribution of these virulence genes among  C. jejuni  isolated from stool of human diarrhea.    Methods  A total of 524  C. jejuni  strains from travelers and pediatric cases of acute diarrhea in Thailand were selected for this study. All isolates belonged to one of 20 known capsule types and all were assayed by PCR for T6SS, a hemolysin co-regulated protein ( hcp ) gene, and GBS-associated genes ( cgtA ,  cgtB ,  cstII   HS19   and  cstII   HS2  ) which are involved in sialic acid production in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) cores of  C. jejuni . The distribution of these genes are summarized and discussed.    Results  Of all isolates with these 20 capsule types identified, 328 (62.6%) were positive for  hcp , ranging from 29.2 to 100% among 10 capsule types. The GBS-associated LOS genes were detected among 14 capsule type isolates with 24.4% and 23.3% of  C. jejuni  isolates possessed either  cstII  HS19  or all three genes ( cgtA ,  cgtB  and  cstII   HS19  ), which were classified as LOS classes A and B whereas 9.2% of  C. jejuni  isolates possessing  cstII   HS2   were classified as LOS class C. The  C. jejuni  isolates of LOS A, B, and C together accounted for 56.9% of the isolates among 14 different capsule types while 31.1% of all  C. jejuni  isolates did not possess any GBS-associated genes. No significant difference was detected from  C. jejuni  isolates possessing GBS-associated LOS genes among travelers and children, but changes between those with  hcp  were significant (p < 0.05).    Conclusions  Our results suggested a high diversity of  hcp  and GBS-associated LOS genes among capsule types of  C. jejuni  isolated from Thailand.

gut pathogens

Distribution of genes related to Type 6 secretion system and lipooligosaccharide that induced ganglioside mimicry among Campylobacter jejuni isolated from human diarrhea in Thailand