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Background   Tibet Orbivirus  (TIBOV) is a recently discovered  Orbivirus  known to infect cattle, Asian buffalo and goats in south-western China. It was first isolated from mosquitoes and subsequently from biting midges ( Culicoides  spp.) in Yunnan, China, indicating that it is an arbovirus. Little is known of its potential to cause disease, but the economic importance of related viruses promoted an investigation of potential  Culicoides  spp. vectors of TIBOV.    Methods  Biting midges were collected approximately once per week between May and December 2020, at a cattle farm in Wulong village, Shizong County, Yunnan Province, China. Approximately 3000 specimens of nine species were subsequently used in attempts to isolate virus, and a further 2000 specimens of six species were tested for the presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) and TIBOV using a RT-qPCR test.    Results  Virus isolation attempts resulted in the isolation of three viruses. One isolate from a pool of  Culicoides   jacobsoni  was identified as TIBOV, while the other two viruses from  C.   orientalis  and  C.   tainanus  remain unidentified but are not BTV or TIBOV. RT-qPCR analysis did not detect BTV in any specimens, but a single pool containing five specimens of  C .  jacobsoni  and another containing five specimens of  C .  tainanus  produced PCR quantification cycle (Cq) values of around 28 that may indicate infection with TIBOV.    Conclusions  The isolation of TIBOV from  C .  jacobsoni  satisfies one criterion required to prove its status as a vector of this virus. This isolation is supported by a low Cq value produced from a different pool of this species in the RT-qPCR test. The low Cq value obtained from a pool of  C .  tainanus  suggests that this species may also be able to satisfy this criterion. Both of these species are widespread throughout Asia, with  C .  jacobsoni  extending into the Pacific region, which raises the possibility that TIBOV may be more widespread than is currently known.    Graphical abstractSupplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04899-9.

Isolation of Tibet Orbivirus from Culicoides jacobsoni (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in China