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Background  Botanical substances such as essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated insecticidal properties and are a valid option for vector control. However, free EOs are unreliable as mosquito larvicides due their easy degradation by environmental exposure to ultraviolet light and higher temperatures. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a mosquito larvicide based on orange oil in a yeast-based delivery system against  Aedes aegypti  strains with different resistance status towards chemical neurotoxic insecticides. This larvicide preparation was physicochemically characterized in a previous report.    Methods  Larvae of four  Ae. aegypti  strains from different regions of Brazil and different resistance profiles for deltamethrin (pyrethroid) and temephos (organophosphate) were tested against yeast-encapsulated orange oil (YEOO) in laboratory conditions for measurement of LC 50  and LC 90  values. The same assays were performed with the Belo Horizonte strain under environmental conditions (natural light and temperature). The resistance profiles of these strains were compared to the Rockefeller reference strain in all conditions.    Results  YEOO was found to be a highly active larvicide (LC 50  < 50 mg/L) against all  Ae. aegypti  strains tested in both laboratory conditions (LC 50  = 8.1–24.7 mg/L) and environmental conditions with natural light and temperature fluctuation (LC 50  = 20.0–49.9 mg/L). Moreover, all strains were considered susceptible (RR < 5) to YEOO, considering resistance ratios calculated based on the Rockefeller strain. The resistance ratios were only higher than 2.5 for LC 90–95  of Belo Horizonte in the laboratory, probably due the higher heterogeneity associated with older egg papers (> 5 months).    Conclusion  YEOO demonstrates high larvicidal activity against  Ae. aegypti  strains with resistant phenotypes for deltamethrin (PY) and temephos (OP). This larvicidal activity suggests the potential for the development of YEOO as an alternative intervention to synthetic insecticides in integrated vector management programs, for populations with resistance to commonly used insecticides.    Graphic AbstractSupplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04733-2.

High larvicidal efficacy of yeast-encapsulated orange oil against Aedes aegypti strains from Brazil