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Background  Microbiota inhabiting midguts of mosquitoes play a key role in the host - parasite interaction and enhance vectorial capacity of viral diseases like dengue and chikungunya fevers. Mosquito midgut is considered to be an important site for host-pathogen interaction and pathogen survival is thought to be an outcome of this interaction. In the present study we examined the bacterial community in the midgut of  Aedes  mosquitoes in Arunanchal Pradesh, India, a subtropical zone where dengue fever is reported to be emerging.    Method  Larvae and pupa of  Aedes  mosquitoes were collected from a biodiversity hotspot, Bhalukpong, Arunachal Pradesh, India. 16S rRNA gene sequences were used for identification of isolated bacterial population from each species of mosquitoes. We used various diversity indices to assess the diversity and richness of the bacterial isolates in both mosquito species.    Result  On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis a total of 24 bacterial species from 13 genera were identified belonging to 10 families of four major phyla. Phylum Proteobacteria was dominant followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The midgut bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were isolated from both  Ae. albopictus  and  Ae. aegypti , whereas, bacteria belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were isolated only from  Ae. albopictus  and  Ae. aegypti  respectively.  Enterobacter cloacae  was the dominant bacterial species in both  Ae. albopictus  (33.65 %) and  Ae. aegypti  (56.45 %).  Bacillus aryabhattai  (22.78 %) was the second most common bacterial species in  Ae. albopictus  whereas, in  Ae. aegypti  the second most common bacterial species was  Stenotrophomonas maltophilia  (7.44 %).    Conclusion  The family Enterobacteriaceae of phylum Proteobacteria was dominant in both species of  Aedes  mosquitoes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study midgut microbiota from a biodiversity hotspot in Northeastern India. Some bacterial genera  Enterobacter  and  Acinetobacter  isolated in this study are known to play important roles in parasite-vector interaction. Information on midgut microflora may lead towards the development of novel, safe, and effective strategies to manipulate the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes.

Molecular characterization of midgut microbiota of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti from Arunachal Pradesh, India