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Background  Knowledge on the extent, distribution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance is essential for successful insecticide-based dengue control interventions. Here, we report an extensive resistance profiling of the dengue vectors  Aedes aegypti  and  Aedes albopictus  across Malaysia and establish the contribution of knockdown resistance mechanism revealing significant contrast between both species.    Methods   Aedes  mosquitoes were collected from four states in Malaysia in 2010 using ovitraps and tested against six major insecticides using WHO bioassays. Knockdown resistance ( kdr ) was investigated in both species.    Results  A moderate resistance to temephos was detected from samples collected in 2010 in Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bharu and Kota Bharu (1.5 < RR < 3.3). A widespread and multiple resistances was observed in  Ae. aegypti  particularly against pyrethroids, DDT and bendiocarb. Mosquitoes from Kuala Lumpur consistently had the highest resistance levels and was the only population showing a moderate resistance to malathion (91% mortality). The resistance profile of  Ae. albopictus  contrasted to  Ae. aegypti  with full susceptibility to pyrethroids except in Kuala Lumpur where moderate resistance is observed. PBO synergist assays suggest metabolic resistance mechanisms play a major role in resistance in both species. Two kdr mutations, F1534C and V1016G, were detected in  Ae. aegypti  across Malaysia but neither of these mutations were found in  Ae. albopictus . Additionally, signatures of selection were detected on the Voltage-gated sodium channel gene in  Ae. aegypti  but not in  Ae. albopictus . The presence of the 1534C allele was significantly associated with pyrethroid resistance and an additive effect to pyrethroid resistance was observed in individuals containing both kdr alleles.    Conclusions  Findings from this study will help to design and implement successful insecticide-based interventions against  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus  to improve dengue control across Malaysia.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0797-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Contrasting patterns of insecticide resistance and knockdown resistance (kdr) in the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Malaysia