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Background  Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are the two major furan aldehyde inhibitors generated from lignocellulose dilute acid pretreatment which significantly inhibit subsequent microbial cell growth and ethanol fermentation.  Zymomonas mobilis  is an important strain for cellulosic ethanol fermentation but can be severely inhibited by furfural and (or) HMF. Previous study showed that  Z. mobilis  contains its native oxidoreductases to catalyze the conversion of furfural and HMF, but the corresponding genes have not been identified.    Results  This study identified a NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase gene ZMO1771 from  Z. mobilis  ZM4, which is responsible for the efficient reduction of furfural and HMF. Over-expression of ZMO1771 in  Z. mobilis  significantly increased the conversion rate to both furfural and HMF and resulted in an accelerated cell growth and improved ethanol productivity in corn stover hydrolysate. Further, the ethanol fermentation performance was enhanced again by co-expression of the transhydrogenase gene  udhA  with ZMO1771 by elevating the NADPH availability.    Conclusions  A genetically modified  Z. mobilis  by co-expressing alcohol dehydrogenase gene ZMO1771 with transhydrogenase gene  udhA  showed enhanced conversion rate of furfural and HMF and accelerated ethanol fermentability from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The results presented in this study provide an important method on constructing robust strains for efficient ethanol fermentation from lignocellulose feedstock.    Graphical AbstractElectronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0714-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Enhancement of furan aldehydes conversion in Zymomonas mobilis by elevating dehydrogenase activity and cofactor regeneration